Copper is an important engineering material since it is widely used in its pure state and also in alloys with other metals.   In its pure state it is the most important material in the electrical industry.   It has high electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance and is easy to fabricate.   It has reasonable tensile strength, controllable annealing properties and general soldering and joining characteristics.   Alloyed copper in the form of brass, and bronze is used extensively throughout the mechanical engineering industry.

Copper alloys do not have a sharply defined yield point, so yield strength is reported either as 0.5% extension under load, or as 0.2% offset or 0,05% offset.   On the basis (0.5% extension), yield strength of annealed material is approximately one-third the tensile strength.   As the material is cold worked or hardened, it becomes less ductile, and yield strength approaches tensile strength.

Copper is specified according to temper, which is established by cold working or annealing.   Typical levels are: soft, half-hard, hard, spring, and extra-spring.   Yield strength of a hard-temper copper is approximately two-thirds of tensile strength. For brasses, phosphor bronzes, or other commonly cold-worked grades, the hardest available tempers are also the strongest. Ductility is sacrificed, of course, to gain strength.   Copper-beryllium alloys can be precipitation hardened to the highest strength levels attainable in copper-base alloys.

Notes:
The values shown are for general guidance only for detailed values refer to standards, and supplier literature..
The mechanical property ranges from minimum (No temper- anealed) to maximum (Full temper)

The copper-zinc brasses consist of a series of alloys of copper up to about 40% Zinc. The property of the alloy varies as the zinc percentage changes. One of the most useful alloys is the 70%Cu and 30% Zn alloy is famed for its deep-drawing ability. This alloy is known as cartridge brass. It is also used for radiator cores, tanks, lamp fixtures etc. Copper-Zinc brasses containing additional elements such as tin, aluminium, silicon, manganese, nickel, and lead are referred to as "alloy brasses". These alloys alloy further property enhancements to enable the brasses to be used for a wider range of applications.

Notes:
The values shown are for general guidance only for detailed values refer to standards, and supplier literature..
The mechanical property ranges from minimum (No temper- anealed) to maximum (Full temper)

Alloys consisting of principally copper and tin are properly called "tin bronzes". since phosphorus is usually added to these alloys as a deoxidising agent during casting, the tin bronzes are commercially known as "phosphur bronzes". These alloys possess desirable properties such as high strength, wear resistance, and good sea water resistance.

Notes:
The values shown are for general guidance only for detailed values refer to standards, and supplier literature..
The mechanical property ranges from minimum (No temper- anealed) to maximum (Full temper)

Notes:

The values shown are for general guidance only for detailed values refer to standards, and supplier literature..
The mechanical property ranges from minimum (No temper- anealed) to maximum (Full temper)